The financial sector in India has become stronger in terms of capital and the number of customers. It has become globally competitive and diverse aiming, at higher productivity and efficiency.
Exposure to worldwide competition and deregulation in Indian financial sector has led to the emergence of better quality products and services. Reforms have changed the face of Indian banking and finance. The banking sector has improved manifolds in terms of capital adequacy, asset classification, profitability, income recognition, provisioning, exposure limits, investment fluctuation reserve, risk management, etc.
Diversifying into investment banking, insurance, credit cards, depository services, mortgage financing, securitization has increased revenues. As large number of players in various fields enters the market, competition would be intensified by mutual funds, Non Banking Finance Corporations (NBFCs), post offices, etc. from both domestic and foreign players. All this would lead to increased sophistication and technology in the sector. Corporate governance would come into the picture and other financial institutions would have to reach global standards. Also the limit for FDI in private banks is increased to 74% and the limit for FII is 49%. There are many challenges ahead for the banking sector such as technology, consumer satisfaction, corporate governance, risk management, etc. and they are redefining their priorities, which are now focused on cost reduction, product differentiation and customer centric services. Some of the major players in this sector are HDFC, ICICI, HSBC, State Bank of India, Punjab National Bank, Ing Vysya, ABN Amro Bank, Centurion Bank, City Bank, etc.
The insurance sector has opened up for private insurance companies with the enactment of IRDA Act, 1999. A large number of companies are competing under both life and general Insurance. The FDI cap/equity in this sector is 26% and the proposals have to be cleared by Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) established to protect the interest of holder of Insurance policy and act as a regulator and facilitator in the industry. Some of the major players in this sector are LIC, Max New Life Insurance, Bajaj Allianz, ICICI Prudential, HDFC Standard Life, Metlife Insurance, Birla Sun Life Insurance, etc. Various types of policies and instruments are coming up in the market to attract more customers. Most of the population of India is not insured, hence there is a lot of scope in this sector and a number of companies are planning to enter the sector. Every futuristic individual would want himself to get insured.
Capital markets have a long history of over 100 years in India. Bombay Stock Exchange came into existence more than a hundred years ago to remove direct government control. Indian companies are now allowed to raise capital from abroad and Foreign Institutional Investors are allowed to enter the market due to an important policy initiative in 1993. The depository and share dematerialization has enhanced the performance of the capital market reducing processing time and increasing returns. The major players are India Bulls Securities, Kotak, and many more. Many new instruments have been introduced in the market such as index futures, index options, derivatives, including futures and options. Also commodities market is gaining pace. There is a huge potential available in the market and to realize it venture capitalists are coming up with lots of finance. To make use of the human capital, technical skills, cost competitive workforce, research and entrepreneurship VCFs and VCCs are ready to invest in potential projects.
For a stronger and resilient financial system, India needs to move beyond peripheral issues and act maturely by increasing profitability and efficiency, providing better solutions to the customers.
INSURANCE - MARKET EFFICIENCY:
It's good news for the insurance industry. For a sector that feeds on capital, the proposed hike in the foreign direct investment limit in insurance JVs to 49 per cent is a boon. Foreign players, whose stake is now capped at 24 per cent, can now bring in more money; most of them would love to own a larger stake if not the whole venture.
